Purpose of the study. Further study of the physico-chemical parameters and the quality of the content of vitamins, minerals in the berries of barberry (various racemes) growing on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Material and research methods. The materials of the study are samples of the fruits of the barberry of various racemes growing in the territories of various regions of the Republic of Tajikistan. The study of the physicochemical properties of the content of vitamins, minerals, sugar and extractive soluble substances in the berries of local species of barberry, which grows in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan, was continued. Refractometer IRF-454 B2m was used to establish the authenticity and quality of the content of sugars and extractive soluble substances. Determination of the stability of dry extracts under natural conditions was carried out in accordance with OFS 42 - 0075 - 07 “Shelf life of drugs” and the World Instruction I-42-2-82 [7]. The data obtained in the course of the study were processed by the method of variation statistics using Student’s t-test, with the calculation of the boundary values of the confidence interval of the average result and the determination of the arithmetic mean error, for different values of the number of results.

Results of the study and their discussion. It has been established that the barberry is one of the multi-species taxa among the wild fruit plants of the republic growing in the vicinity of Dashtidjum of the Sh. Until now, the boundaries of growths and its volume, and their family ties remain unclear. The results of the analysis of samples of fresh and dried fruits showed different percentages of water and moisture content, ash and organic impurities, vitamins (C, B1, B2, B3, B6, P, E, K) and carotene. An attempt was also made to study the stability of the composition of active ingredients in dried barberry fruits during storage, which showed a noticeable increase in moisture content, a slight decrease in the content of polysaccharides and practically no changes in the amount of organic acids and flavonoids, which gave the right to conduct technological studies on the extraction of barberry fruits of various racemes, using various extractants.

Conclusion. The analysis of the barberry of various racemes growing on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan showed the quality that these regulated requirements for fresh barberry berries during reception and storage can be used to determine the authenticity of raw materials and can be used as a medicinal plant in a wide variety of cases with pronounced choleretic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity.

Aim. Optimization of surgical treatment methods of children with complicated urolithiasis.

Material and research methodos. The results of treatment of 200 sick children with complicated urolithiasis were analyzed. Patients were assigned to the study group 150 (75%) and comparable group 50 (25%). Children from 0 to 15 years old. In children with urolithiasis, the following clinical symptoms were most common: proteinuria in 47 (23,5%) patients, discoloration of urine in 34 (17,5%) and pyuria in 32 (16,0%) patients. Hematuria was observed in 31 (15,5%) children, weakness and fatigue in 29 (14,5%) and pain in 27 (13,5%) patients. For an objective assessment of the severity of urolithiasis in children, X-ray and radiation diagnostics data were taken into account (Ultrasound, plan radiography, excretory urography, CT scan and Magnetic resonance imaging -MRI). Renal circulation studies (Rehberg – Tareev test, doppler sonography), glomerular filtration rate (CFL) according to Kunahan Barrats formula.

Research results and their discussion. We divided the surgical methods of treatment of complicated urolithiasis into three parts: minor surgery methods or pollative, radical and reconstructive plastic surgery methods. The method of minor surgery was carried out as a measure of preparation for radical and reconstructive plastic surgery. Methods of radical surgery in sick children with urolithiasis include pyelolithotomy (40), nephrolitosthomy (30), ureterolitothomy (32), epicystolitothomy (47), percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (33)and contact ureterolithotripsy (18). In relation to reconstructive plastic surgery, it should be noted that the most performed operations are intrarenal plastic surgery of the cervix of the greater calyx. The narrowing of the neck of the large calyx of the kidney was revealed, which led to a violation of urodynamics in the cavity formation of the kidneys and was the cause of the formation of stones due to stagnation of urine.

Conclusions. There is no single approach to both surgical and conservative treatment for complicated urolithiasis. Double drainage of the PCS and stend-by after surgery showed good results. In treating children with complicated urolithiasis, there should be an individual approach depending on the type of complications, the degree of renal dysfunction, the degree of hydronephrosis, and the activity of the inflammatory process.

Objective of the study: to study outpatient cards (form No. 25 / y) of 786 HIV-infected persons and identify patients suffering from tuberculosis and assess the risk factor for developing TB.

Material and research methods. To achieve this goal, we carried out a retrospective analysis of outpatient cards (form 25 / y) of 786 HIV-infected persons, (509 children (64.8%) and 277 adults (35.2%) who were registered at the Centers for Combating and HIV prevention and assessed epidemiological risk factors for high tuberculosis infection.

Research results. Of the 509 children living with HIV (from 0 to 17 years old) tested, TB was detected in 47 (9.2%), out of 277 adults (from 18 to 59 years old), TB was detected in 36 (13%) of the total 786 (100%) of examined HIV-infected patients was 83 (10.6%). Among adult patients in the age group from 18 to 39 years old, with an HIV / TB rate, there are 13 people (36.1%), who are characterized by a high infection rate with tuberculosis and HIV infection. Study of the epidemiological risk factor out of 51 patients with pulmonary TB, 27 (52.9%) were diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, of which 13 (48.1%) were with drug-resistant TB. Among children, mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 11 (40.7%) children, of whom with drug-resistant forms of TB was in 6 (46.2%), and among adults, mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 16 (59.3%) of them with drug resistant TB was in 7 (53.8%.

Conclusions. It has been established that people living with HIV are at risk of developing active tuberculosis, especially its drug-resistant forms. The leading risk factor for tuberculosis was family contact with a patient with active tuberculosis excreting MBT and close relatives and acquaintances. To prevent the development of active TB in HIV-infected individuals, after excluding active TB, it is necessary to carry out a 6-month course of preventive treatment with isoniazid, and control the intake of antiretroviral therapy.

Relevance. The problem of whooping cough is now again topical for practical health care in all countries of the world. Despite the ongoing vaccination of this disease, the intensity of the epidemic process and incidence rates are steadily growing. The increase in the incidence of whooping cough is associated with violations of preventive vaccinations among children under 1 year of age, medical withdrawals from vaccination, and delayed initiation of immunization.

Aim. To study the clinical features of pertussis in children during the period of rising incidence.

Material and methods. Under our supervision there were 150 children with whooping cough at the age from 1 month to 14 years old, who were hospitalized at the State Medical Center No. 1 named after K. Akhmedov (Dushanbe). The diagnosis of the disease was verified by clinical, epidemiological and laboratory diagnostic methods (detection of the causative agent of whooping cough in laryngeal-pharyngeal washes and serological studies). The age structure of patients was distributed as follows: children under 1 year-66, from 1-3 years old - 44, from 4-7 years old-25, from 7-14 years old - 15. Regarding the forms of severity of the disease in patients with whooping cough, it should be noted that in children with a mild form of whooping cough there were 26 (17.3%), a moderate form of 66 (44.0%) and a severe form of 58 (38.7%) patients.

Results and discussion. The duration of the incubation period for whooping cough in 120 (80.6% of patients) averaged 7-8 days, and in newborns in 30 (20.4% of patients) it was shortened to 5 days. The duration of the preconvulsive period ranged from 3 to 14 days. In patients under 1 year old, it was significantly shorter than in other age groups and amounted to 6.5±0.34 days, and in children over 7 years old, it was 9.3±0.34 days. The main symptom of the preconvulsive period in all patients was a dry obsessive cough with its gradual intensification and the acquisition of a spasmodic character in the 2-3rd week of the disease, especially at night. The body temperature in the majority of patients (94.6%) remained normal. Short-term subfebrile condition was significantly more often recorded in children aged 7-14 years and was associated with the addition of ARVI.

Conclusion. Whooping cough can occur in all age groups, including children under 1 month of age, retaining its typicality, more often proceeding in a moderate form. Severe forms are more common in patients in the first year of life, in whom the preconvulsive period is observed in all patients, the duration of which is significantly shorter in children of 1 year of age.

Purpose of the study. Provide additional information on medical and social factors affecting the health of mothers and children, based on a comprehensive medical and sociological study of the quality of medical care for pregnant women and children.

Material and research methods. A sociological survey was conducted of 324 women of fertile age with children aged 0 to 1 year according to a specially developed map.

Research results and their discussion. The level of extragenital diseases (EHD) in both groups was, on average, the same. So, in the first group, there were 2.3 EHZ per 1 pregnant woman, and in the second group - 2.6. The course of pregnancy in both groups with the same frequency was complicated by the threat of termination, colpitis, acute respiratory viral infections, exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis, etc. Pregnant women of both groups were delivered through the vaginal birth canal. There was also no significant difference between the groups in the frequency of labor induction and birth stimulation.

Conclusion. Thus, the introduction of some new medical technologies into practice contributes to the normal course of the period of childbirth and the adaptation of newborns.

Aim of the study: Analysis of the implementation of the new spelling rules of the Tajik language at the NEI “Medical - Social Institute of Tajikistan”of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Materials and research methods: Scientific sources of our research and rules of spelling of the Tajik language (1998), Amendments to the Rules of spelling of the Tajik language (2011 and 2021), opinions of researchers, books and speeches of the President of the country, Emomali Rahmon on the Tajik language and writing, as well as the language of the Tajik press. In this paper, we have used the method of comparative analysis to summarize.

The results and research discussion: Before the adoption of the latest changes and additions, there were many problems in the field of spelling, and even some teachers of the Tajik language and literature made unforgivable mistakes.

With the adoption of amendments to the Rules of spelling of the Tajik language, many pressing issues have been resolved. However, according to some scholars and linguists, when looking at social networks and newspapers and magazines, there are still various shortcomings in this area, which need to be addressed in the future.

Conclusion: Implementation of the Law on the State Language is the duty of all native speakers. Today, classes in the Tajik language for non-philological specialties have been reduced from 72 hours in previous years to 48 hours. With the reduction of teaching hours in the Tajik language, it is impossible to master all the nuances of spelling and style. From our point of view, today the number of teaching hours in this subject should be significantly increased.

Aim. To assess the informational value of clinical signs and results of laboratory and instrumental studies for predicting the development of unfavorable outcomes in HBV infection in children, aimed at taking measures aimed at early diagnosis, and prescribing adequate therapy.

Materials and methods. The study included 167 children with acute viral hepatitis B (AVHV) and 113 children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) both during the period of an active pathological process and during the period of convalescence. The diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical and epidemiological data and biochemical results (determination of the level of bilirubin and its fractions, the activity of hepatocellular enzymes, protein-sediment samples, total protein and protein fractions, the main classes of immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes) serological HBV (HBsAg anti-HBs, HBeAg anti-HBe, anti HBc IgM), morphological and instrumental (ultrasound) studies.

Results and discussion. The preicteric period in AVHV was most often accompanied by asthenicvegetative syndrome (79.5%), the symptoms of intoxication, the severity of which corresponded to the severity of the disease. In 10.3% of patients, there were no signs of the preicteric period. This stage of AVHV lasted 5-7 days in most patients (8.7%), in the rest - up to 2 weeks. It should be emphasized that the onset of the disease was short in severe forms of the pathological process, which is consistent with the data of other authors [4].

Conclusion. Summarizing the data on the chronic course of HB viral infection, it can be stated that liver damage of minimal activity in most cases ends in persistent remission, often with the complete disappearance of all clinical and laboratory diseases; CHB with a pronounced activity of the pathological process proceeds for a long time with rare and short-term remissions.

This article conducted a review of the literature dedicated to the issues of crop production of crop eggs with helminths, as a factor in the propagation of helminths in nature and among the population. Infection of people invasions occurs in various ways. Cysts of parasitic simple and helminth eggs can fall into the human body with poorly washed vegetables, berries, and with dirty hands. One of the main reasons for the propagation of glides invasion are the low level of sanitary socio-living conditions, the low socio-economic development of the country, the crowdability of people, inaccessible antiforms, their high prices, late treatment, healthier carriage, low public awareness of the transmission paths of glucitan invasion, low Epidemiological supervision of the responsible departments, the insecurity of constant drinking water, the peculiarity of cultural traditions, the lack of central sewage, especially in rural areas, the use of underacted organic fertilizers of animal origin and others. Therefore, measures to combat helminths and their prevention are very important to preserve the health of the population, which is devoted to this work.

The review of scientific literature analyzes some of the changes that have occurred in the teaching process following the advent of digital technologies.

Technological advances have changed many areas of life. In the 21st century, communication, collaboration, learning and teaching have changed. You can study anything, anywhere. Teacher are no longer bearers of unique knowledge, but no one will take away their pedagogical skill, which helps to adapt information for pupils and students, communicate with arouse interest in the subject among modern pupils and students, what should a teacher know and be able to do? And 5 characteristics of the teacher of XXI century are given.