Purpose of the study. Conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the microflora of the gingival sulcus of supporting teeth at the stages of prosthetics.

Materials and research methods. For bacteriological examination of the contents of the gingival sulcus of the teeth, sterile endodontic paper points were used, which were inserted into the gingival sulcus affected by inflammation, after which they were placed in a special transport medium Schedler broth (Schadler Broth BBI, USA). In order to determine aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, special nutrient media were used: Columdia agar and Anaerobe Blood agar, Champen Mannitol agar; Saburo Dextrose agar; MRS agar; Shadler agar.

Results of the study and their discussion. The main indicators of qualitative and quantitative analysis in patients with inflammatory lesions of the marginal periodontal tissues of prosthetic origin in the analysis of the composition of the microflora in the gingival sulcus were not detected Streptococcus Anhaemaliticus, Lactobacterium spp., Streptococcus salivaris and Bifidobacterium spp., while in the control group the presence of these bacteria was observed in 12.28%, 7.01%, 3.51% and 7.01% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion. During the study of the bacterial flora isolated from the gingival sulcus of the supporting teeth, it was found that in the patients from the main group observed by us, the contamination of aerobic microorganisms in the gingival sulcus of the supporting teeth was significantly higher than in patients from the control group. Indicators of bacterial contamination by anaerobic pathogens in patients of the main group are lower than in patients from the control group.

Purpose of the study. To study perinatal outcomes in obese pregnant women.

Material and research methods. A total of 136 patients were examined, including 106 pregnant women with obesity (main group). This group, in turn, is divided into three subgroups: obese - 41 patients, obesity + preeclampsia - 35 patients and obesity + insulin resistance - 30 patients. The control group was formed from healthy pregnant women - 30 patients. The results of the obtained data were processed by the method of variational and descriptive statistics using the Student’s criteria, the Mann-Whitney U-rank test. Qualitative comparisons of populations were performed using chi-square analysis, corrected if necessary by Yates.

Research results. The results of the study showed that the incidence of neonatal morbidity was registered more often among newborns born to mothers with obesity of the 3rd degree.

Conclusion. The results of our study showed that perinatal outcomes in obese pregnant women directly depend on the degree of maternal obesity and the severity of preeclampsia. All of these complications confirm poor-quality antenatal care and point to missed opportunities at this stage. Timely prediction and prevention of possible complications will improve maternal and perinatal outcomes.

The aim of the study: to improve the early diagnosis of combined diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Material and methods of research: 64 outpatient cards of patients of the endoscopic department of the Istiklol Health Complex were studied in the period 2020-2021. In instrumental diagnostic methods were used: videolaryngoscopy and videofibrobronchoscopy.

The results of the study аnd their discussion. The patients were divided into 4 groups. Among them, there were 38 men (59.3%), 26 women (40.7%) aged 18 to 67 years. The first group included 21 (32.8%), who had rhinitis in 6 (28.6%) patients, sinusitis in 7 (33.3%), sinusitis in 8 (38.1%), and a history of similar diseases in close relatives, in 14 patients (66.6%). The second group included 19 (29.7%), patients with various forms of nasal septum curvature in 12 (63.1%). In the third group, polyps and adenoid growths were found among 18 (11.52%) patients. In the fourth group, foreign bodies were found among 6 (3.84%) patients.

Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the main cause of acute and chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract in 50% of cases, ear, throat and nose diseases are considered.

The purpose of the study. Identifying and eliminating the causes of conflict between teachers and students.

Research materials and methods. The research was conducted in the field of monitoring the educational process and analyzing the training of teachers in educational institutions.

Research results. The reasons for the conflict between teachers and students were identified. The main difficulty in communicating with students is that they are rude, mocking and insulting. On the other hand, students complain that the teachers mock and insult them and do not pay attention to them. One of the reasons for conflict with students is to demonstrate the contradiction to the rights and degree of independence of students. The results of the research revealed that the conflict between teachers and students has both negative and positive effects on them. If the negative effects are aimed at physical and mental harm, then the negative effects are aimed at providing benefit to the student (for example, forcing the student for his educational task, etc.).

Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the conflict between teachers and students has both negative and positive effects, that is, if the negative effects are aimed at physical and mental harm, then the negative effects are aimed at providing benefits to the student (for example, forcing the student to do a task his education) is directed.

The purpose of the study. Improving the state of training of social workers in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Materials and methods of research. Study and analysis of the Laws of the Republic of Tajikistan, regulatory and legal documents in the field of social protection, statistical reports of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the population of the Republic of Tajikistan, the main indicators of the activity of state institutions: "Research center of medical and social expertise and rehabilitation of the disabled" and "Educational and experimental complex of social work and innovations". Study results and their review. During the last years, from 10 centers of day-stay social services for citizens in difficult life situations, including children with disabilities, have been expanded to 53 centers, and the share of coverage of the needy has increased from 1000 people in 2014 to 13,000 people in 2022. In general, more than 4 thousand employees work in organizations, institutions and other sub-structures of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan. Unfortunately, we should note that among these employees there are a handful of people who have special knowledge in the field of social protection of the population. Except for the employees of the medical and therapeutic departments of social protection organizations and institutions, the rest of the employees mainly have humanitarian specialties and others. To date, 185 social workers have passed professional development courses and retraining courses, which is 78 more than the same period last year (Fig. 1). According to the geographical location, 55% of the students of professional development courses of social workers are in the Sughd region, 36% - in the cities and districts of the republic, 5% in the city of Dushanbe, and 4% in the Khatlon region.

Conclusion. In this way, the implementation of innovative activities and the inclusion of social protection workers in professional development courses is now a continuous and important system, and regardless of the problems, it tends to gradually expand levels.

Purpose of the study: To study and comprehend the facts of communicative etiquette speech, taking into account everything that is available in linguistics for this.

Materials and research methods: The research materials were the results of the ongoing research - politeness as a phenomenon of human culture in cultural studies, sociolinguistics and didactics associated with the teaching of foreign languages.

Results of the study and their discussion: An analysis of the modern functioning of speech etiquette indicates a dynamic change in the system of forms of address in all languages, in connection with the historical development of society (address by name and patronymic, as well as “You”, simplification of taboo address in the Tajik and Russian languages, familiarity - among young people in all languages in the sphere of informal communication of communicants), respectively, the redistribution of changes in values can lead to a change in the evaluative sign in the meaning of the word. In such a situation, new reference ideas are reflected in the social and moral qualities of society. This, in our opinion, is the basis in the future, which can be considered from a new angle, to comprehend the facts of communicative etiquette speech in a new way, taking into service everything that is available for this in linguistics and related branches of science.

Aim. To reflect great historical events through the study and research of sources from time to time.

Material and methods of research. In the course of the study, the legal acts of the Republic of Tajikistan were widely used and their in-depth analysis and comparison was carried out.

Result. When a source is not fully available, researchers and historians encounter difficulties and the study is considered incomplete. A distinctive feature of the sources dating back to the 16^th century is that, due to this historical period, the sources are very numerous and rich. The obtained data are carefully analyzed and compared.

Conclusion. Thus, through the historical sources of the 16th century, the history of the peoples of Central Asia and Iran, including the Tajiks under the rule of the Turks, will be studied to one degree or another, and these sources will be studied.

The purpose of the study. The purpose of this study is to study the professional characteristics of social workers in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Materials and research methods. In the course of research, normative-legal documents regulating the social direction, literature of foreign countries, whose social protection is at a high level, were used.

Research results and their discussion. The results of the study revealed some of the problems in this direction, which are: not knowing the practical aspects of one’s work; excessive attention; neglecting the theoretical aspects of social work, teaching techniques, etc., which is the main reason for the existence of this problem in the country, in the formative stage of this direction.

Conclusion. The system of training of specialists in the field of social work, which has its own educational characteristics, still has shortcomings in our country, which, first of all, is related to the lack of conditions for opening the creative energy and social ingenuity of future specialists.

Purpose of the research. The article contains the historical events of the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in Central Asia and Russia during the period of rapid development of capitalism, which led to the migration of the population from two large regions, the beginning of revolutionary movements and the establishment of the Republic of Tajikistan. This is the basis of the author’s opinion on the most important reasons and factors influencing the process of population migration. Also, in order to shed light on the issues of necessary and forced migration, which arose in the context of public disasters and the policy of Russia, this topic has been investigated.

Material and methods. In the course of researching the subject, the historical literatures of the Central Asian countries, including Tajikistan, have been widely used, and their precise analysis and testing has been carried out. During the study of the subject, the method of theoretical research was used, data and historical facts and figures were collected by us, and the relationship between them was revealed.

Results. First of all, the causes of the labor migration of the Tajik people have been determined, and the events of the early 20th century, which caused the migration, have been clarified.

Conclusion. In the study, are fully described the first directions of migration of the local population, and the events that caused this migration are clarified.

Aim of study: The purpose of the comparative study of languages and its issues is to provide students, teachers and translators with fresh materials. The purpose of learning conjunctions and other parts of speech is to create an environment for language learners. Migration in the countries of the world in modern times is one of the key issues in every society today, and language is a living organ in this movement.

Materials and teaching methods. New ways and methods of teaching foreign languages is one of the most important issues. There are ways to use conjunctions in comparative languages in a sentence, to show their differences and similarities. New technology has created great opportunities for language learners.

The result of their study and consideration. The results of the analysis of conjunctions in the Tajik and English languages showed that the conjunctions in the sentence are equal in function, but structurally they have special differences. When translating, they are used easily, unnecessarily, in a short form and repeatedly. Conjunctions connect sentence members to each other and are very numerous and productive in Tajik and English languages.

Conclusion. Conjunctions are an independent part of speech and are very productive in spoken and written speech in comparable languages. It should be noted that the conjunctions in the Tajik and English languages are structurally and semantically different in the sentence. When translating texts, the rules of economy and grammar are not always fully observed.

This analysis is devoted to the problem of the impact of pregnancy on allosensitization in women with chronic kidney disease of the fifth stage, and it in the choice of a donor and immunosuppression for kidney allotransplantation. The analysis showed that alloimmunization of pregnant women is a common occurrence, and still remains poorly understood. Research suggests that endogenous mechanisms that promote maternal fetal tolerance during pregnancy may persist into postpartum life. And it remains to be seen whether this immunological balance can be used to improve transplant outcomes. Thus, significant opportunities remain for clinical researchers to contribute to this area and improve transplant outcomes for sensitized women.