The purpose of the study. To study the history of the creation of the State Scientific Institution “Center for the Study of Glaciers of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan”, attract new partners, create a network of scientific stations, develop a “Catalog of Glaciers of Tajikistan” and introduce innovative technologies.

Material and methods of the research. The work of the State Scientific Institution “Center for the Study of Glaciers of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan”, the Project Research Institute “Fizo”, the Main Directorate of Tajik Geology and the Agency for Hydrometeorology was reviewed and an assessment of the response to climate change was given.

 Results of the study and their discussion. In recent decades, due to numerous factors, including atherogenic ones, a trend towards global climate warming has emerged, which can lead to serious consequences on a regional and global scale, including rising sea levels. In this regard, the study of glaciers, the most sensitive indicators of climate change and climate-forming factors, has acquired important scientific and practical significance. The assessment of glaciers’ response to climate change is becoming especially relevant.

Conclusions. Glaciers are among the most sensitive components of nature, which react sensitively to fairly long-term changes in external conditions, since, firstly, they are products of climate, and secondly, they consist of the most unstable natural product on the planet - ice. Over the past 40 years, thousands of glaciers have disappeared due to global warming, and this process has continued rapidly in recent years. It has become necessary to attract new partners, create a network of scientific stations, develop a “Catalogue of Tajikistan Glaciers” and introduce innovative technologies.

Purpose of the study. Analysis of the sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with COVID-19 to various groups of antibiotics using the VITEK 2 system.

 Material and research methods. In this study, the sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with COVID-19 to various groups of antibiotics was assessed using the automated VITEK 2 system. Of the 210 patients, 14.4% of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated. The highest sensitivity was recorded to aminoglycosides and carbapenems: Amikacin (100%), Fosfomycin (100%), Imipenem (88%), Levofloxacin (85.19%). The strains showed the greatest resistance to Ampicillin, Cefazolin and Ampicillin / Sulbactam (89-100%). The overall mean susceptibility rate was 54.2%.

 Results of the study and discussion. The results demonstrate a high level of resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to many groups of antibiotics, while certain drugs retain high efficacy. This emphasizes the need to select empirical therapy based on local resistance data.

 Conclusion. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients are resistant to ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam antibiotics and cefazolin and ceftriaxone drugs. Carbapenems, especially imipenem and meropenem, are still highly effective and are important as a drug of choice in severe cases. 100% susceptibility of the microorganism to amikacin was revealed.

Purpose of the study: To investigate the formation mechanisms of dental plaque on fixed prosthetic constructions and assess the effectiveness of professional hygiene interventions for optimizing prevention and care.

 Material and research methods: The study included 787 patients (787 prosthetic constructions) from the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry at the Non-State Educational Institution ‘Medical-Social Institute of Tajikistan’, Plaque was scored using the Prosthetic Plaque Index (PPI; 0–3 points). Statistical analysis included mean ± SE, percentages, and Student’s t-test (significance at p < 0.05). Patients were divided into five age cohorts: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and ≥ 60 years.

 Research results and discussion: Baseline PPI rose from 1.00 ± 0.63 in the 20–29 cohort to 2.50 ± 1.66 in those ≥ 60 years. After 90-day professional hygiene, mean PPI decreased to 0.00 (20–29), 0.40 (30–39), 0.30 (40–49), 1.00 (50–59), and 1.20 (≥ 60).

 Conclusions: Regular professional cleaning every 90 days and tailored home-care protocols significantly reduce prosthetic plaque across all age groups—especially older patients—thereby prolonging prosthesis lifespan and reducing complication risk.

The purpose of the study. To study the history of the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan during the period of independence and its role in strengthening national statehood.

 Results of the study and their discussion. As a result of the study, special attention was paid to historical and legal materials, documents and scientific sources.

Conclusion. Historical experience has proven that in the process of strengthening the country’s independence and the 30-year existence of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, respect, observance and mandatory execution of the Constitution and laws have become the main goal and task of civil society.

The purpose of the study: review of the medical terminology of Rudaki’s works and its compare with modern literary language.

 Methods and methods of research: in the proses of research works of Abuabdullohi Rudaki and “dictionary of Rudaki’s works” as the source of its scientific has been used. Basis of scientific research of the modern linguistics in the article have been used from the usual research’s methods linguistic – analyze compare, the historical-comparative methods. The material of research article composed of scientific sources, commentary dictionary, mythology, field of science.

 Research results and its review: The study and analysis of medical terminology in the works of classical and modern authors is of significant importance. This allows us to understand the development of medical terminology during specific historical periods. The analysis of medical terms Rudaki’s works contributes to the formation and development of modern medical terminology. The collected materials show that some of the terms can be used today to help solve issues related to non-standard terminology.

 Conclusion: From the reviewing materials reveals that some of the medical terminology used in the Tajik language during the 10th century is now considered archaic. However, revival and usage of some of these terms today is both necessary and timely.

Research Objective. To assess the use of social work technologies with children with disabilities in the Republic of Tajikistan.

 Materials and Methods. We analyzed reports from the State Medical and Social Expertise Service, social institutions, primary health care facilities, and studied materials from international organizations whose activities are aimed at the rehabilitation of children with disabilities.

 Results and Discussion. The article discusses the causes of disability in children and the problems faced by children with disabilities. Children with disabilities are those who have various mental or physical deviations that lead to developmental impairments, preventing them from leading a full life. The analysis focuses on social work technologies with children with disabilities, aimed at identifying social problems, determining their causes, and finding solutions; collecting information; changing the child’s social status, economic and cultural level, values, and orientations; assisting in resource and life force recovery; preventing social and individual risks; and facilitating the integration of children with disabilities into relatively unfamiliar society or cultural systems. The use of social work technologies with children with disabilities will contribute to ensuring, maintaining, and strengthening their physical, psychological, social, and moral health; forming socially significant orientations and attitudes in their life self-determination; organizing sports, health-improving activities, leisure activities, and other forms of joint activities between children with disabilities and their healthy peers—conditions essential for the successful integration of children with disabilities into society.

 Conclusions. The use of social work technologies with children with disabilities will help ensure, maintain, and strengthen their physical, psychological, social, and moral health; foster socially significant orientations and attitudes in their life self-determination; organize sports, health-improving activities, leisure activities, and other forms of joint activities between children with disabilities and their healthy peers—conditions necessary for the successful integration of children with disabilities into society.

Objective. To determine an adequate choice of correction method in patients with postoperative intra-abdominal purulent-septic complications of hepatobiliary zone pathologies.

 Material and methods. The study involved 142 patients who had intra-abdominal purulent-septic complications that required repeated corrective interventions after liver and biliary system surgeries. Retro- and prospective studies were conducted at the Department of Surgical Diseases No. 1 named after Academician K. M. Kurbonov of the State Educational Institution “Tajik State Medical University named after Abuali ibni Sino” and the State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the Republic of Tajikistan” for the period 19972022. All patients with postoperative intra-abdominal purulent-septic complications (PIBPS) were divided into two groups. In the control group of patients, including 52 (36.6%) patients (retrospective study), PIBPS correction was performed using standard methods of traditional surgery. In 90 (63.4%) patients of the main group, minimally invasive methods of PIBPS correction were used.

 Results. Of the 142 patients with PIBPS, 63.4% (n=90) of the patients in the main group underwent repeated minimally invasive interventions in 88.9% (n=80) cases, and only in 10 or 11.1% of cases, complications were corrected by relaparotomy. In 33 (23.2%) cases of patients in the control group (n=52), relaparotomy was performed, and in 19 (13.4%) cases - extraperitoneal opening and drainage of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess. During the treatment of 142 patients, 43 (30.3%) of them, including 10 from the main group and 33 from the control group, were found to have postoperative complications in the form of purulent-septic complications, for which they underwent relaparotomy. Patients with postoperative peritonitis in the main (n=31) and control groups (n=23) underwent 27 (87.1%) minimally invasive interventions and relaparotomy (12.9%). Whereas, patients in the control group underwent relaparotomy in all 23 observations.

 Conclusion. Pathogenetically based correction of complications using modern technologies allows to significantly improve the immediate results of treatment of patients after operations on the liver and biliary system.

The purpose of the study. Phase equilibria were determined by the translation method on geometric images of the system Na,K||SO₄,CO₃,HCO_3,F–H₂O at 0°C in the arcanite ((K₂SO₄) crystallization region. Arcanite was found to participate in the formation 12 divariant fields, 10 monovarint curves, and 3 invariant points. The closed phase diagram (phase complex) of the studied system at 0°C in the arcanite crystallization region was constructed.

Material and methods of research. Phase equilibria of the Na,K||SO₄,CO₃,HCO₃,F–H₂O system and the four- and five-component systems forming this six-component system are the scientific basis for the treatment of liquid waste from industrial aluminum production.

 Conclusion: From the analysis of the structure of the fragment of the phase equilibrium diagram of the studied system at a temperature of 0°C, it follows that the area of the crystallization of arcanite is characterized by the presence of such a number of geometric elements at the five-component level and at the six-component level.

Objective of the study: Tajikistan has rich hydropower resources.

 Material and methods of the research. The research was prepared by studying statistical documents on power plants of the Republic of Tajikistan. Research result and its review. In the conditions of rapid development of society today, energy is considered the main aspect of economic progress and development of each state, and rational use of energy resources leads to the development of this area. This situation creates a certain economic environment within which the development of other sectors of the economy and trade is carried out.

 “The main basis of the energy complex of the Republic of Tajikistan is hydroelectric power plants, which provide 98 percent of electricity production in the country from renewable energy sources. In terms of the percentage of “green energy” production, Tajikistan is among the six leading countries on the planet, and its total hydroelectric resources are among the largest in the world. These resources have the potential to produce up to 527 billion kilowatt-hours of clean electricity per year, and only 5% of this is currently being used, despite growing energy market demand for electricity in the wider region of the organization.

 During the period of independence, 287 large and small hydroelectric power plants and 1 electric and thermal power plant, 1.5 thousand kilometers of high-voltage power lines, 50 high-voltage substations were built and repaired, in general 75% of the country’s energy infrastructure was updated, more than 2000 megawatts of additional energy capacity were built. During this period, 34 state investment projects worth a total of 57.2 billion somoni were implemented to develop the country’s energy sector, of which 12 billion somoni were directed only to the renewal and development of energy infrastructure.

 Conclusion Step by step, under the leadership of the founder of peace and national unity - the Leader of the Nation, the respected President of the country Emomali Rahmon, the country achieves energy independence. At the same time, every citizen of Tajikistan must appreciate the priceless gift of nature, use electricity economically and not allow its waste.

Purpose of the study. Determination of the relationship between the levels of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and glucose metabolism parameters in patients with T2DM and to identify differences between patients with and without DFS.

 Material and research methods. 60 elderly patients (aged 60–74 years) diagnosed with T2DM and 39 patients with T2DM complicated by DFS. A control group were 23 healthy volunteers with a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m², matched by age and sex. Cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured in blood serum using (ELISA). Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism 8.0.1. Statistical processing included Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation analysis (p<0.05 was considered statistically significant).

 Results of the study and discussion. In the group without DFS, a moderate positive correlation was found between TNF-α and HbA1c (p<0.05), as well as between TNF-α and IL-6 (p<0.001). In the DFS group, stronger correlations were observed between TNF-α and HbA1c (p<0.001), as well as between TNF-α and PCT (p<0.05). IL-6 showed a strong positive correlation with HbA1c (p<0.001) in the DFS group, whereas in the non-DFS group, the correlation was less pronounced (p<0.05). In the DFS group, a moderate negative correlation was found between IL-6 and BMI (p<0.05), which was not observed in patients without DFS.

 Conclusions. In the non-DFS group, a moderate positive correlation was found between TNF-α and HbA1c (p<0.05), as well as between TNF-α and IL-6 (p<0.001). In the DFS group, stronger correlations were observed between TNF-α and HbA1c (p<0.001), as well as between TNF-α and PCT (p<0.05). IL-6 showed a strong positive correlation with HbA1c (p<0.001) in the DFS group, whereas in the non-DFS group the correlation was less pronounced (p<0.05). In the DFS group, a moderate negative correlation was found between IL-6 and BMI (p<0.05), which was not observed in the non-DFS patients.

The article was prepared in order to implement the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan «On Targeted Social Assistance» [1], the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan «On the Training of Specialists Taking into Account the Needs of the Labor Market» [2 and «Strategy for the Development of Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan for the Period up to 2040», «Concept for the Development of Productive Employment in the Republic of Tajikistan for the Period up to 2040».

The author believes that by combining the addressable social information system of Tajikistan with the information system of the Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of the Republic of Tajikistan and the information system of the base of the Agency for Social Insurance and Pensions under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, three strategic tasks will be implemented on time and in full.

 At the same time, the article substantiates the need for scientific research and, on its basis, the improvement of the «System of Targeted Social Assistance to Low-Income Citizens and Families».