Pathological changes in the tissues of the supporting teeth and periimplant zones supra structural elements and its clinical and hygienic diagnostics

The aim of the study. To study the condition of periodontal tissues of supporting teeth of prosthetic structures and the hygienic condition of dental supraconstructive elements.

Material and methods of research. Orthopedic dental treatment was examined and performed on 71 patients aged 20 to 60 years, including 29 men and 42 women. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity was assessed using the Green Vermillion Index. X-ray examination was carried out after the implant was installed and after the fixation of the orthopedic structure.

The results of the study and their discussion. In orthopedic treatment of patients with dental implants on the lower jaw, supporting teeth were mainly used as supporting elements, of which 35% were second premolars, 13% molars, 6% second incisors and 3% central incisors. According to X-ray studies, it was found that in 78% of cases depulpated teeth were used as supporting elements in prosthetic structures on implants. Among the examined patients, in 89.7% of cases, depulpated teeth were found on the lower jaw. When prosthetics of defects in the dentition on the upper jaw with the use of depulpated teeth as bridge prostheses supports in 41%, central incisors were used, in 21%-canines, in 17% - second incisors and first molars, in 4% - first molars. The percussion of the supporting teeth was negative. In 58 patients, the hygienic index corresponded to the norm, and in 42% the value of the studied index was equal. The results of the primary analysis of the hygiene index of the supraconstruction with fixation on dental implants averaged 18.8%, the plaque of the supraconstruction covering the neck of the abutment circularly 49% of the plaque on the artificial crown of the supraconstruction - 26.3% and only in 5.6% of cases on the neck, the plaque of the supraconstruction was not detected in 98.6% of cases.

Conclusions. Destructive changes in the periodontal support teeth can be a source of penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the implant zone. It follows from this that the effective treatment of previously depulped teeth guarantees the stability of these teeth as supporting elements of prosthetic structures on dental implants.

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