HIV – infection as a risk factor for tuberculosis

Abstract

Objective of the study: to study outpatient cards (form No. 25 / y) of 786 HIV-infected persons and identify patients suffering from tuberculosis and assess the risk factor for developing TB.

Material and research methods. To achieve this goal, we carried out a retrospective analysis of outpatient cards (form 25 / y) of 786 HIV-infected persons, (509 children (64.8%) and 277 adults (35.2%) who were registered at the Centers for Combating and HIV prevention and assessed epidemiological risk factors for high tuberculosis infection.

Research results. Of the 509 children living with HIV (from 0 to 17 years old) tested, TB was detected in 47 (9.2%), out of 277 adults (from 18 to 59 years old), TB was detected in 36 (13%) of the total 786 (100%) of examined HIV-infected patients was 83 (10.6%). Among adult patients in the age group from 18 to 39 years old, with an HIV / TB rate, there are 13 people (36.1%), who are characterized by a high infection rate with tuberculosis and HIV infection. Study of the epidemiological risk factor out of 51 patients with pulmonary TB, 27 (52.9%) were diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, of which 13 (48.1%) were with drug-resistant TB. Among children, mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 11 (40.7%) children, of whom with drug-resistant forms of TB was in 6 (46.2%), and among adults, mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 16 (59.3%) of them with drug resistant TB was in 7 (53.8%.

Conclusions. It has been established that people living with HIV are at risk of developing active tuberculosis, especially its drug-resistant forms. The leading risk factor for tuberculosis was family contact with a patient with active tuberculosis excreting MBT and close relatives and acquaintances. To prevent the development of active TB in HIV-infected individuals, after excluding active TB, it is necessary to carry out a 6-month course of preventive treatment with isoniazid, and control the intake of antiretroviral therapy.